Institutiones Administrationis - Journal of Administrative Sciences
type: channel
description: Institutiones Administrationis – Journal of Administrative Sciences (IAJAS) is a peer-reviewed academic journal publishing original research articles and book reviews on public administration, public law, and political science broadly considered. IAJAS accepts submissions on all facets of public administration, public law, constitutional law, public policy, public management, and fiscal administration both from Central and Eastern Europe and from other parts of the globe. The journal was founded by Széchenyi István University in 2021, and it is published by its University Press, Universitas Győr Non-profit Ltd.
publisher: UNIVERSITAS-Győr Nonprofit Kft.
language: en
publication name: Institutiones Administrationis - Journal of Administrative Sciences
issn: 2786-1929
items: The Thematic Expansion of Media Regulation in the European Union
items: Policy Content and Governance: A Perspective
items: Entrepreneurship within the European Union’s Industrial Policy in Academic Debates
items: Evaluating the Nexus between Credit Supply and Sectoral Performance in Nigeria
items: An Analysis of Some Labor Market Regulation Segments of Slovakia in Reflection to the Hungarian Labor Market Development Measures Going into Effect in 2025
items: Transposition of the Mobility Directive into Slovak Law
items: Is the Welfare Partnership’s End in Sight?
items: Beyond Linz: Institutional Safeguards and the Viability of Presidentialism in Africa
items: Establishing a System for Verifying Matriculation Exam in Polish Administrative Law: Selected Aspects
items: Minority Language Education in Belarus
items: Some Constitutional Dimensions of Legislation with Supermajority in an Illiberal Context
items: Comparing the Evolution of Lobbying Legislation in Lithuania and Ireland, Whither Regulatory Robustness?
items: Administrative Legacy of Ibn Khaldûn
items: Challenges of the Current Tax-sharing System in Slovakia
items: The Role of Property Tax in Municipal Budget
items: Enhancing Property Tax Systems: Proposals for Slovakia and the Czech Republic
items: The Use of Mother Tongue in Public Administration
items: Culture and Identity: Two Emerging Topics in Hungarian Constitutional Law
items: The Correlation of Digital Competence and Crisis Management
items: Strengthening the Financial Sustainability of Serbian Local Governments by Improving their Efficiency and Effectiveness
items: Transforming External Control of Municipal Finances in Hungary
items: The Conventional Definition of Genocide
items: Participatory Communication for Sustainable Rural Livelihoods
items: Comparative analysis of the equality plans of the Provincial Council of Ourense, Spain
items: The Transformation of the Financial Autonomy of Local Governments
items: Investigating the Relationship Between the World Giving Index and the Donations in Lions Clubs International Foundation
items: Armed Banditry and Challenges of National Development
items: Insights into PCI and DDCI as Key Metrics for Measuring Subnational Competitiveness in Vietnam
items: Taking Stock of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) in Uganda
items: Digitalization and Public Value Co-Creationin Public Sector Organizations

The Thematic Expansion of Media Regulation in the European Union
type: item
description: This paper analyses the evolution of European Union media regulation from the Television Without Frontiers Directive to the European Media Freedom Act. It shows how an initially sectoral framework focused on cross-border broadcasting and market integration has gradually expanded to address structural challenges such as platform dominance, disinformation, and algorithmic control of information flows. The study traces this shift from economic coordination toward the protection of democratic discourse and media pluralism. It examines the main objectives and mechanisms of the new framework while assessing its legal foundations and compatibility with subsidiarity and proportionality. It concludes that the European Union’s expanding role in media regulation, though rooted in legitimate concerns, must be exercised with caution: without careful limits, the effort to safeguard democratic discourse could unintentionally blur the distinction between protecting the conditions of free expression and prescribing its boundaries, thereby risking the very pluralism it seeks to defend.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Audiovisual Media Services Directive (AVMSD)
  topic: keywords
subject: European Media Freedom Act (EMFA)
  topic: keywords
subject: EU media regulation
  topic: keywords
subject: subsidiarity
  topic: keywords
subject: EU competences
  topic: keywords
creator: János Tamás Papp
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 János Tamás Papp https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-15
publication date: 2025-12-15
starting page: 144
ending page: 159
doi: 10.54201/iajas.182

Policy Content and Governance: A Perspective
type: item
description: In the scholarship and teaching of public policy, policy content has often been a neglected area, despite the fact that policy content is an important mediating factor in policy implementation, governance, structural arrangements, and coordination, among others. This, despite the presence of complex problems in the complex 21st century, requires multiple policies, in multiple governance arrangements, to solve these policy problems. This perspective article discusses the importance of studying these issues, in complement to other approaches, from a policy content perspective to allow for more precise analysis and examination of policy implementation and governance with the possibility of a more nuanced understanding of governance. From a policy design-as-content perspective, it is possible that hidden insights can emerge beyond studying policy as a ‘single dependent variable’, whilst the disaggregation of policy content into components, and interacting components across policies, could provide important insights for public administration scholarship and public administration and policy education.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: policy content
  topic: keywords
subject: policy design
  topic: keywords
subject: policy components
  topic: keywords
subject: policy mix
  topic: keywords
subject: policy analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Guswin de Wee
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Guswin de Wee https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-26
publication date: 2025-11-26
starting page: 128
ending page: 143
doi: 10.54201/iajas.178

Entrepreneurship within the European Union’s Industrial Policy in Academic Debates
type: item
description: This study addresses a critical gap in understanding the evolving scholarly discourse on entrepreneurship within the European Union’s industrial policy framework. While prior researches have examined isolated aspects of innovation or regional development, few studies have systematically mapped the intellectual landscape, thematic priorities, and collaborative networks shaping this important field. This study employs a mixed-methods bibliometric approach, leveraging Scopus data (1990–2024) and tools, i.e., RStudio, VOSviewer, and Python, to analyze 2,150 publications from 937 journals and 4,943 authors. This work offers the novelty of an evaluation of both quantitative trends (e.g., productivity, citation patterns) and qualitative thematic evolution, investigating entrepreneurship within the EU industrial policy research. Key findings reveal an 11.88% annual growth in publications since 1990, signaling heightened academic engagement with sustainability transitions (e.g., circular economy, Industry 4.0), regional innovation strategies, and policy frameworks. Leading journals, e.g., Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, dominates the discourse, while influential works done by Ghisellini et al. (2016) and Nelson and Winter (1985). Collaborative networks highlight interdisciplinary and cross-border partnerships, particularly in addressing climate resilience and digital transformation. This study may contribute to a roadmap for policymakers to align support structures with emerging research priorities, e.g., green entrepreneurship and SME digitalization, while underscoring the need for inclusive frameworks to integrate non-Anglophone and regional scholarship.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bibliometrics
  topic: keywords
subject: Entrepreneurship Policy
  topic: keywords
subject: European Union
  topic: keywords
subject: Industrial Policy
  topic: keywords
subject: Scientometrics
  topic: keywords
creator: Fahmi Ali Hudaefi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Fahmi Ali Hudaefi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-05
publication date: 2025-11-05
starting page: 104
ending page: 127
doi: 10.54201/iajas.170

Evaluating the Nexus between Credit Supply and Sectoral Performance in Nigeria
type: item
description: This study investigates the impact of commercial bank credit on the performance of the agricultural, industrial, and commercial sectors of the Nigerian economy from 1991 to 2023. The analysis employed the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) method and standardized regression analysis to evaluate the relationships. The FMOLS results reveal that in the agricultural sector, commercial bank credit exhibited a positive but statistically insignificant effect on sectoral performance, while the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme Fund and agricultural employment had positive and statistically significant impacts. In the industrial sector, commercial bank credit demonstrated positive and significant effects on sectoral performance. Similarly, in the commercial sector, credit supply exerted positive and significant impacts, whereas the interest rate had a negative and significant effect on performance. The standardized regression analysis further highlighted that credit to the industrial sector had the greatest relative impact on Nigeria’s economic growth. Based on these findings, the study recommends prioritizing credit allocation to the industrial sector to enhance its contribution to the overall growth and development of the Nigerian economy.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: credit supply
  topic: keywords
subject: interest rate
  topic: keywords
subject: agriculture
  topic: keywords
subject: industry
  topic: keywords
subject: standardized regression
  topic: keywords
creator: Emmanuel A. Onwioduokit
creator: Godwin E. Bassey
creator: Ubong Edem Effiong
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Emmanuel A. Onwioduokit, Godwin E. Bassey, Ubong Edem Effiong https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-05
publication date: 2025-11-05
starting page: 74
ending page: 103
doi: 10.54201/iajas.167

An Analysis of Some Labor Market Regulation Segments of Slovakia in Reflection to the Hungarian Labor Market Development Measures Going into Effect in 2025
type: item
description: Under the active Hungarian public finance model, in place since 2010, labor market regulation has come under strong state influence and control. As its keys result, an additional one million people are now on the labor market, the employment rate has risen from 52% to almost 80%, while the unemployment rate remained below 4%, even during the 2020–2024 crisis years. The Hungarian government provides targeted labor market subsidies, and starting in 2025, has introduced new rules to strengthen the labor market. These government actions are designed to prevent westward migration and to help both the families and society as a whole to prosper. Following a brief overview of these Hungarian actions, the study places its findings next to those on Slovakia, a neighboring country at a similar level of development. As such, it presents a detailed analysis of the key elements of the Slovakian labor market regulations with a view to highlighting its differences in the regulatory methodologies of the two countries.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: employment situation
  topic: keywords
subject: labor market protection
  topic: keywords
subject: comparative analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Slovakia
  topic: keywords
subject: Hungary
  topic: keywords
creator: Csaba Lentner
creator: Zsolt Horbulák
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Csaba Lentner, Zsolt Horbulák https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-13
publication date: 2025-06-13
starting page: 83
ending page: 100
doi: 10.54201/iajas.164

Transposition of the Mobility Directive into Slovak Law
type: item
description: This article examines the transposition of Directive (EU) 2019/2121 into the Slovak legal framework, with particular emphasis on mechanisms designed to prevent tax law abuse in the context of cross-border company conversions. The objective is to evaluate whether the Slovak legislation has established adequate safeguards and institutional frameworks for detecting and mitigating abusive or fraudulent conduct. The research is based on doctrinal legal analysis, comparative assessment, and critical evaluation of relevant case law. The findings indicate that while the legislative intent is aligned with the Directive’s objectives, the procedural framework for reviewing the legality of cross-border conversions and institutional coordination fall short of ensuring effective prevention of tax abuse. The article concludes with specific legislative recommendations for strengthening procedural guarantees and authority cooperation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: cross-border conversion
  topic: keywords
subject: tax law abuse
  topic: keywords
subject: fraudulent practices
  topic: keywords
subject: anti-tax avoidance
  topic: keywords
creator: Natália Priateľová
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Natália Priateľová https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-03
publication date: 2025-09-03
starting page: 25
ending page: 36
doi: 10.54201/iajas.163

Is the Welfare Partnership’s End in Sight?
type: item
description: This article provides an overview of how German social welfare nonprofits in health and human services fared during the COVID-19 pandemic to gauge whether the historically strong complementary relationship between the sectors has continued to hold. Conceptually, we use third-party governance theory to frame German social welfare policy and see what the pandemic experience suggests about government/nonprofit relations. Using an exploratory approach, the analysis is based on a national CAWI survey, conducted in late 2020, covering initial effects of the pandemic and nonprofit countermeasures; financial and non-financial impacts; and the uptake of support programs. The survey data presents the first attempt to analyze the pandemic effects on the most crucial component of Germany’s social welfare infrastructure. The findings suggest that while the traditional partnership still exists, the government showed little interest in addressing the needs of nonprofits. This raises questions as to whether neo-liberal policies have undercut the sense that government is as dependent on nonprofits in social welfare service provision as nonprofits are on government support.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: third-party government
  topic: keywords
subject: interdependence theory
  topic: keywords
subject: welfare partnership
  topic: keywords
subject: government/nonprofit relationship
  topic: keywords
subject: human services
  topic: keywords
subject: Germany
  topic: keywords
subject: COVID-19
  topic: keywords
creator: Rupert Graf Strachwitz
creator: Stefan Toepler
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Rupert Graf Strachwitz, Stefan Toepler https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-08-20
publication date: 2025-08-20
starting page: 6
ending page: 24
doi: 10.54201/iajas.162

Beyond Linz: Institutional Safeguards and the Viability of Presidentialism in Africa
type: item
description: The debate on presidentialism and its impact on democratic stability has been a central concern in political science, particularly following Juan José Linz’s seminal work on the perils of presidentialism. Linz contends that the separation of powers in presidential systems engenders democratic instability, primarily due to political rigidity, dual legitimacy, and zero-sum electoral politics. While many scholars support Linz’s argument, others critique it as overly simplistic, emphasizing institutional weaknesses rather than inherent flaws in presidential systems. This study engages with these scholarly debates by highlighting divergent perspectives on the relationship between presidentialism and democratic consolidation. This study moves beyond the abstract argument of whether presidentialism is inherently stable or fragile to discussing its viability in postcolonial Africa and whether external factors, such as weak institutions, play a more decisive role. And it concludes that presidentialism is not inherently detrimental to democracy, but requires robust institutional safeguards.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Africa
  topic: keywords
subject: executive
  topic: keywords
subject: legislature
  topic: keywords
subject: parliamentary
  topic: keywords
subject: presidentialism
  topic: keywords
subject: Juan José Linz
  topic: keywords
creator: Tope Shola Akinyetun
creator: Ikponmwosa Ebomoyi
creator: Nife Ogunbodede
creator: Osariyekemwen Iyase Ambrose
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Tope Shola Akinyetun, Ikponmwosa Ebomoyi, Nife Ogunbodede, Osariyekemwen Iyase Ambrose https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-13
publication date: 2025-10-13
starting page: 54
ending page: 73
doi: 10.54201/iajas.159

Establishing a System for Verifying Matriculation Exam in Polish Administrative Law: Selected Aspects
type: item
description: The secondary school leaving exam exists under various names and with varying characteristics across the globe. The Polish matriculation exam (“matura”) deserves special attention as it has assumed a new, external aspect since its overall reform in 2005. Unfortunately, the first years after the reform revealed a significant problem with its assessment: numerous cases of incorrectly graded papers have been reported which fueled large-scale social unrest as there was no procedure in place for appealing against the matura results. After more than ten years, the regulations were changed for the better, and a special body, the College of Examination Arbitration was installed. In this paper, I consider this historic development, and I offer a general treatment of its administrative and constitutional implications as to the educational rights and civic liberties within the Polish legal context.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: secondary school leaving exam
  topic: keywords
subject: matriculation exam
  topic: keywords
subject: external examination
  topic: keywords
subject: higher education admission
  topic: keywords
subject: control of examinations
  topic: keywords
creator: Łukasz Kierznowski
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Łukasz Kierznowski https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-13
publication date: 2025-06-13
starting page: 124
ending page: 134
doi: 10.54201/iajas.156

Minority Language Education in Belarus
type: item
description: This article examines the elimination of minority language education in Belarus following the 2022 Education Code revision, which effectively erased programs previously available in Lithuanian and Polish in a small number of schools. While nominally permitting minority language study, the new code, implemented under the Lukashenka administration, restricts instruction to language and culture classes contingent upon formal student requests and official approvals. Given Belarus’ position outside the Council of Europe and the resulting lack of influence from legally binding minority rights instruments, this article explores the relevant legal framework, the Lukashenka administration’s political reasoning and communication tactics, and reactions from neighboring kin-states within Brubaker’s triadic nexus. It reveals how broad discretionary power undermines minority language rights, silences minority voices, and dismantles prior educational achievements within this complex political and legal landscape.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: political communication
  topic: keywords
subject: national minorities
  topic: keywords
subject: minority education
  topic: keywords
subject: Belarus
  topic: keywords
creator: Kiryl Kascian
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Kiryl Kascian https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-13
publication date: 2025-06-13
starting page: 110
ending page: 123
doi: 10.54201/iajas.155

Some Constitutional Dimensions of Legislation with Supermajority in an Illiberal Context
type: item
description: The main goal of this article is to draw attention to the potential tools of the Hungarian Constitutional Court in the shaping of the future of cardinal law. The three main dilemmas around which the relevant HCC practice can be grouped are the legal rank of cardinal laws, ordinary and cardinal provisions occurring in the same laws, and the vertical scope of the cardinal regulation. The science of constitutional law and legal practice must focus on these three main issues in connection with supermajority legislation. Of course, many other sub-problems can be identified, which are important in themselves, but all of them can be classified into one of the aforementioned three areas. If these issues can be settled satisfactorily, a predictable jurisprudence may develop in the long term, which would greatly promote the effectiveness of the entire concept of cardinality. A wide-ranging professional dialogue from this would serve not only the interests of the Hungarian constitutional framework, but might also be an important point of reference for other countries operating with supermajority legislation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: cardinal law
  topic: keywords
subject: supermajority
  topic: keywords
subject: hierarchy of legal sources
  topic: keywords
subject: two-thirds parliamentary majority
  topic: keywords
subject: competence principle
  topic: keywords
subject: hierarchical principle
  topic: keywords
subject: cardinality clause
  topic: keywords
creator: Boldizsár Szentgáli-Tóth
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Boldizsár Szentgáli-Tóth https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-02
publication date: 2025-10-02
starting page: 37
ending page: 53
doi: 10.54201/iajas.153

Comparing the Evolution of Lobbying Legislation in Lithuania and Ireland, Whither Regulatory Robustness?
type: item
description: This paper examines the evolution of the laws regulating lobbying in Lithuania and Ireland using the Centre for Public Integrity’s (CPI) “Hired Guns” quantitative index for assessing/evaluating the robustness of lobbying legislation. This index, measuring transparency, accountability and enforcement, is a scoring system developed in 2003 to assess lobbying disclosure laws in United States (US) states that has since been applied in many other countries and jurisdictions. Employing the CPI’s index enables the findings here to be compared with those of other countries, states and territories that possess lobbying regulations. The paper shows that, first, Lithuanian legislation initially scores higher on the CPI index than Irish legislation; second, Lithuania’s CPI score declines longitudinally, whereas Ireland’s remains unchanged; and third, amendments introduce additional rules, sanctions and close loopholes – representing incremental improvements to lobbying regulations – often too subtle for the CPI index to capture.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: lobbying
  topic: keywords
subject: regulation
  topic: keywords
subject: comparative
  topic: keywords
subject: index
  topic: keywords
subject: Lithuania
  topic: keywords
subject: Ireland
  topic: keywords
creator: John Hogan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 John Hogan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-13
publication date: 2025-06-13
starting page: 6
ending page: 24
doi: 10.54201/iajas.148

Administrative Legacy of Ibn Khaldûn
type: item
description: This research examines the integration of Ibn Khaldûn’s administrative principles within contemporary governance, challenging Western-centric narratives in public administration. Utilizing qualitative analysis of governmental reports, historical texts, and policy documents from twenty countries, the study highlights the traces and adaptations of Khaldûnian thought in governance structures. Key findings reveal the diverse interpretations and applications of foundational concepts derived from Khaldûn’s work, such as social cohesion ('asabiyyah) and the balance between justice and economic prosperity, within varying political and administrative frameworks. The research underscores how these historical principles continue to resonate in addressing modern governance challenges, including decentralization, stakeholder participation, and the ethical integration of religious and cultural values. By bridging historical insights with contemporary practices, the study contributes to diversifying public administration theories, advocating for culturally resonant governance approaches. The comparative exploration enriches the academic discourse on inclusive and effective governance, offering policymakers practical frameworks for integrating historical insight into modern administrative systems.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ibn Khaldûn
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Administration
  topic: keywords
subject: Governance
  topic: keywords
subject: Religion
  topic: keywords
subject: Ethics
  topic: keywords
creator: Haris Alibašić
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Haris Alibašić https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-13
publication date: 2025-06-13
starting page: 25
ending page: 49
doi: 10.54201/iajas.142

Challenges of the Current Tax-sharing System in Slovakia
type: item
description: The sharing of state tax revenues with local self-governments is a common practice in most countries, and the Slovak Republic is no exception. However, these systems vary significantly and while some countries apply a wider tax mix, others use just a single shared-tax system. The latter is the case in Slovakia. The paper evaluates, therefore, the appropriateness of using the current single tax (PIT), in terms of income stability, budget foreseeability and income sufficiency, for this purpose, and afterwards, it takes a look at the appropriateness of the single shared-tax system at large. Based on the data, PIT seems to be a smart choice for the Slovak Republic, as it is both income stable and budgetary foreseeable. From the income-sufficiency point of view, PIT is a medium voluminous tax, compared to other state taxes. However, from the local governments’ perspective and with reference to their needs, this tax is simply not enough. Thus, the overall findings support the idea of enlarging the system to a broader tax mix, just like the ones endorsed by most of the neighboring countries.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Slovakia
  topic: keywords
subject: local self-government
  topic: keywords
subject: local finance
  topic: keywords
subject: shared tax
  topic: keywords
subject: personal income tax
  topic: keywords
creator: Anna Vartašová
creator: Miroslav Štrkolec
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Anna Vartašová, Miroslav Štrkolec https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-09
publication date: 2024-12-09
starting page: 31
ending page: 44
doi: 10.54201/iajas.136

The Role of Property Tax in Municipal Budget
type: item
description: Tax revenues of municipalities can be divided into shared and entrusted (own, local) taxes in the Czech Republic. There are several local taxes sensu lato, the most important of which is the immovable property tax. This article is set to evaluate its role in the Czech municipal budgets, predominantly by way of comparing the economic data concerning the revenues of local self-government units in OECD countries. From a legal perspective, the text describes and critically analyzes the legal regulation of the Czech immovable property tax and specifically points out municipalities’ potential to influence their revenue with regard to political debates and recent changes in legal regulation. In the discussion part, the challenges connected with the changes in the legal regulation of the immovable property tax and changes in the budget determination of taxes are defined, and the impacts of these changes are analyzed in details. The authors argue that the role of the property tax is negligible and municipalities must rely on sources of funding other than local taxes to meet their statutory obligations.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Property tax
  topic: keywords
subject: recurrent property tax
  topic: keywords
subject: municipal budget
  topic: keywords
subject: tax revenues
  topic: keywords
subject: local tax
  topic: keywords
subject: budget determination of taxes
  topic: keywords
creator: Eva Tomášková
creator: Michal Radvan
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Eva Tomášková, Michal Radvan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-09
publication date: 2024-12-09
starting page: 19
ending page: 30
doi: 10.54201/iajas.135

Enhancing Property Tax Systems: Proposals for Slovakia and the Czech Republic
type: item
description: Property taxes are often overlooked in discussions on taxation policy, despite their potential to contribute significantly to stable and sustainable public budgets, especially at the local level. This paper provides an assessment of possible reforms to the property tax systems of Slovakia and the Czech Republic, with a focus on the feasibility and justification of transitioning to a value-based assessment system. While acknowledging the need for increased revenues from property taxes, the author expresses skepticism about the suitability of such a transition in the contexts of both countries. The findings nevertheless underscore the comparatively low revenue impact of property taxes in both nations, indicating a need for alternative strategies to enhance revenue generation. The author argues that a proactive utilization of municipal discretion and minor legislative modifications offer more feasible avenues for enhancing property tax revenues without necessitating profound structural changes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: property tax
  topic: keywords
subject: local municipalities
  topic: keywords
subject: Slovakia
  topic: keywords
subject: Czech Republic
  topic: keywords
subject: value-based
  topic: keywords
subject: area-based
  topic: keywords
creator: Ádám Pál
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ádám Pál https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-13
publication date: 2025-06-13
starting page: 67
ending page: 82
doi: 10.54201/iajas.134

The Use of Mother Tongue in Public Administration
type: item
description: Citizens are primarily in contact with the state through public administration, and due to the changing and expanding role of the state, this contact is becoming more and more frequent and complex. An important element of the regulation of the citizen–state relationship is the definition of the language of their communication, respecting, on the one hand, the freedom of language use and the prohibition of discrimination, and on the other hand, the identity of the state-forming nation and the principle of efficiency. Thanks to its decades-long tradition of multilingual public administration, Serbia ensures relatively broad rights to use mother tongue before public administration bodies. However, practice does not catch up with the law. The paper’s goal is to present the discrepancies between the de iure and de facto situation in the field of official language use in Serbia’s multilevel public administration, and to suggest a paradigm shift for further improvement.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: language rights
  topic: keywords
subject: public administration
  topic: keywords
subject: national minority
  topic: keywords
subject: Serbia
  topic: keywords
creator: Katinka Beretka
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Katinka Beretka https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-09
publication date: 2024-12-09
starting page: 55
ending page: 71
doi: 10.54201/iajas.130

Culture and Identity: Two Emerging Topics in Hungarian Constitutional Law
type: item
description: The paper discusses the concepts of culture and identity within the context of the Fundamental Law of Hungary. The first part focuses on the relationship between the state and culture, both from a conceptual and an ideological point of view. The second part examines how references to culture and identity appear in the Fundamental Law. It is argued that by juxtaposing the two terms in Article R, the Fundamental Law seeks to broaden the meaning of constitutional identity, to include a historical-cultural dimension, and make it a rhetorical topic useful for the construction of exclusivist arguments.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: culture
  topic: keywords
subject: identity
  topic: keywords
subject: political ideologies
  topic: keywords
subject: constitutional interpretation
  topic: keywords
subject: Fundamental Law of Hungary
  topic: keywords
subject: topics
  topic: keywords
creator: Miklós Könczöl
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Miklós Könczöl https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-06-26
publication date: 2024-06-26
starting page: 26
ending page: 35
doi: 10.54201/iajas.v4i1.127

The Correlation of Digital Competence and Crisis Management
type: item
description: In the age of digitalization, when almost all aspects of social activity are effected and novel threats to a rapidly changing environment are being posed, the ability of public servants to use digital tools competently is crucial for an effective crisis management. This article examines the two-dimensional importance of digital competence, which includes both an ability to operate modern technologies and an awareness of potential cyber threats. The study draws on a literature analysis coupled with qualitative and behavioral methods to explore how digital competence affects the effectiveness of crisis management. The results indicate that it is not only technical proficiency that is important but ongoing cyber security training too is of crucial importance. These two combined form the basis for effective prediction, monitoring and response to crises. The article highlights the need to integrate digital competence as a fundamental element of crisis management strategies in public administrations while suggesting directions for further research in this area.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: crisis management
  topic: keywords
subject: digital competence
  topic: keywords
subject: digital tools
  topic: keywords
subject: public administration
  topic: keywords
subject: data security
  topic: keywords
creator: Krzysztof Kaczmarek
creator: Mirosław Karpiuk
creator: Jarosław Kostrubiec
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Krzysztof Kaczmarek, Mirosław Karpiuk, Jarosław Kostrubiec https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-13
publication date: 2025-06-13
starting page: 101
ending page: 109
doi: 10.54201/iajas.123

Strengthening the Financial Sustainability of Serbian Local Governments by Improving their Efficiency and Effectiveness
type: item
description: This paper examines the financial sustainability of local governments in Serbia, focusing on the historical evolution of the local government system, revenue and expenditure trends, and reforms aimed at enhancing efficiency and effectiveness. The findings indicate that while the transition to a single-tier model and various reforms have provided stability, challenges remain. Key issues include limited fiscal autonomy, demographic decline, and the disparities of financial resources across municipalities. The paper highlights that although property tax decentralization and the introduction of new local revenue sources have improved revenue collection, differences in expenditure and resource allocation affect the equitable development of local communities. The paper also identifies that administrative reforms, digitalization, and inter-municipal cooperation have enhanced efficiency and service delivery, but further steps are necessary to ensure comprehensive and sustained financial health. Ultimately, it suggests that to achieve long-term financial sustainability, Serbian local governments need reforms that promote greater fiscal autonomy, equitable resource allocation, and a balance between infrastructure investment and social services, shifting towards the latter.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Local Government
  topic: keywords
subject: Serbia
  topic: keywords
subject: Financial Sustainability
  topic: keywords
subject: Efficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: Effectiveness
  topic: keywords
creator: Dejan Vučetić
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dejan Vučetić https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-13
publication date: 2025-06-13
starting page: 50
ending page: 66
doi: 10.54201/iajas.122

Transforming External Control of Municipal Finances in Hungary
type: item
description: The external control of the Hungarian municipal finances has been based on the traditional, continental dual model: the State Audit Office of Hungary, responsible for the professional control of these finances on the one hand, and the County (Capital) Government Offices, performing the legal supervision of the decisions and procedures of municipal finances on the other hand. This paper analyzes how this ecosystem has been transformed, and how central governmental control has been strengthened during the last decade. It also examines the phenomenon of blurring the boundaries between professional and legal control and supervision. Finally, it reviews the complementary elements of this system, such as the inspection competences of the Hungarian State Treasury and the asset management control powers of the public prosecutors.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: external control
  topic: keywords
subject: professional control
  topic: keywords
subject: legal supervision
  topic: keywords
subject: County Government Offices
  topic: keywords
subject: State Audit Office of Hungary
  topic: keywords
subject: inspection of central government funding
  topic: keywords
creator: István Hoffman
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 István Hoffman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-09
publication date: 2024-12-09
starting page: 6
ending page: 18
doi: 10.54201/iajas.108

The Conventional Definition of Genocide
type: item
description: This work comprehensively analyzes the legal definition of genocide. In so doing, it details the material and mental conditions that can lead to an individual’s punishment for the commission of the crime of genocide. Further, it addresses some of the difficulties that have arisen when interpreting and applying the legal rule. To this end, this work starts by presenting the basic structure of the crime of genocide, and also the goals of its legal prohibition. It then concentrates on the material element (actus reus) of genocide, placing emphasis on two difficulties; namely, the notion of the group, and how to identify the four protected groups. In addition, the conduct prohibited by the Convention is detailed. This work then focuses on the mental element (mens rea) of the crime, examining each term from the Convention’s formulation separately in order to better assess the concept of specific intent. This work then considers the meaning of article 30 from the ICC Statute. Ultimately, this work details the conventional definition of genocide and reveals some of the main interpretative challenges associated with it.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: crime of genocide
  topic: keywords
subject: Genocide Convention
  topic: keywords
subject: international criminal law
  topic: keywords
subject: legal theory
  topic: keywords
creator: Stearns Broadhead
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Stearns Broadhead https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-06-26
publication date: 2024-06-26
starting page: 90
ending page: 102
doi: 10.54201/iajas.v4i1.117

Participatory Communication for Sustainable Rural Livelihoods
type: item
description: Traditional top-down approaches exclude communities from participating in policy design and decision-making, while existing communication models are inadequate in addressing communication and service delivery challenges in rural municipalities. And Matatiele Local Municipality (MLM) is no exception. This study is focusing on Matatiele Local Municipality’s use of participatory communication (PC) processes in line with democratic principles and their impact on service delivery. It explores the communication practices, the nexus between good governance and participatory communication and identifies approaches towards participatory communication in rural Matatiele. From an interpretivism paradigm, the study employed a qualitative research method that permit a focused examination of nineteen purposively selected participants. Data retrieved from the semi-structured interview and from secondary sources was analysed thematically and narratively. Findings indicate that participatory communication is not uniformly applied across all areas within MLM jurisdiction. Infrastructure deficits, service delivery challenges and issues related to decentralisation are also identified. The study concludes that traditional authorities play a significant yet overlooked role in democratic development at the local level. Recommendations include an emphasis on the reassessment of the role citizens play in the decision-making process to enhance their meaningful involvement and empowerment in the governance process beyond participation by consultation. Therefore, participatory communication practices beyond establishing clear feedback mechanisms, enhancing responsiveness to community concerns, and improving citizens’ influence on final decisions can promote mutual understanding and cocreation of content that could enhance citizens’ livelihoods.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: participatory communication
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainable rural livelihoods
  topic: keywords
subject: good governance
  topic: keywords
subject: local responsiveness
  topic: keywords
creator: Moroesi Lebenya
creator: Betty Claire Mubangizi
creator: Oluwaseun Temitope Ojogiwa
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Moroesi Lebenya, Betty Claire Mubangizi, Oluwaseun Temitope Ojogiwa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-09
publication date: 2024-12-09
starting page: 72
ending page: 91
doi: 10.54201/iajas.110

Comparative analysis of the equality plans of the Provincial Council of Ourense, Spain
type: item
description: The purpose of this document is to identify which actions in the Equal Opportunities Plan 2023–2026 of the Ourense Provincial Council have the potential to increase equality of opportunity between women and men in positions of similar status, with respect to an analysis of the objectives of the First Equality Plan of (2017–2021). The methodology for measuring the achievements of these strategic objectives consisted of a descriptive comparative study, where the changes in the stated objectives were analyzed, and a quantitative functional study was undertaken to determine the relationship between the typology and functionality of each position. A clear distinction was made between the goals achieved and those requiring more decisive intervention in future. In addition, it recognizes that women are very underrepresented in the most desirable positions at Ourense Provincial Council.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: equality
  topic: keywords
subject: job opportunity
  topic: keywords
subject: gender
  topic: keywords
subject: promotion
  topic: keywords
subject: work
  topic: keywords
subject: job funcionality
  topic: keywords
creator: Manuel Octavio del Campo Villares
creator: Eladio Jardón Ferreiro
creator: Karla Ladrón de Guevara Marín
creator: Mara Shakti Pantoja Montiel
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Manuel Octavio del Campo Villares, Eladio Jardón Ferreiro, Karla Ladrón de Guevara Marín, Mara Shakti Pantoja Montiel https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-06-26
publication date: 2024-06-26
starting page: 36
ending page: 55
doi: 10.54201/iajas.v4i1.109

The Transformation of the Financial Autonomy of Local Governments
type: item
description: Ensuring a broad degree of financial autonomy is a fundamental issue for local government. In the context of the administrative modernization of recent years, several legislative measures have been taken which have directly or indirectly limited the financial and economic autonomy of local governments in Hungary. The paper gives a brief overview of the development of the Hungarian local government system in 1990, comparing the initial regulation with the standards of the European Charter of Local Self-Government. It discusses, then, the restructuring of the system in 2011, and lists the legal institutions which, in the author’s view, have led to restrictions on local government management. The paper covers the introduction of the task-financing system, the establishment of district offices, the restructuring of the role of county governments, and the constitutional and other legal obstacles to municipal borrowing.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: local governments
  topic: keywords
subject: public administration
  topic: keywords
subject: decentralization
  topic: keywords
subject: rule of law
  topic: keywords
subject: Fundamental Law of Hungary
  topic: keywords
subject: financial autonomy
  topic: keywords
creator: András Bencsik
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 András Bencsik https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-09
publication date: 2024-12-09
starting page: 45
ending page: 54
doi: 10.54201/iajas.107

Investigating the Relationship Between the World Giving Index and the Donations in Lions Clubs International Foundation
type: item
description: There is much research on how to improve the provision of local public services without having to increase municipal public spending. Latest trends stress out the role of citizens and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that can provide various public services using private funding (donations) and volunteers. This paper analyses the relationship between the World Giving Index and donation in a selected NGO, the Lions Clubs International Foundation (LCIF). We investigate whether financial donations made to international humanitarian LCIF in different countries around the world influence the World Giving Index. Main methods used are panel regression and correlation analysis on the sample of 97 countries and 116,033 donors. The results suggest that donations made to LCIF have a positive impact on the World Giving Index. We support our findings with extended theory of planned behaviour model for Slovakia based on a questionnaire with 150 respondents.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: public services
  topic: keywords
subject: money donation
  topic: keywords
subject: lions clubs
  topic: keywords
subject: world giving index
  topic: keywords
subject: theory of planned behaviour
  topic: keywords
creator: Mária Murray Svidronova
creator: Alena Kaščáková
creator: Bohumír Krátky
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Mária Murray Svidronova, Alena Kaščáková, Bohumír Krátky https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-06-26
publication date: 2024-06-26
starting page: 74
ending page: 89
doi: 10.54201/iajas.v4i1.104

Armed Banditry and Challenges of National Development
type: item
description: The incessant bandits’ activities vis-à-vis kidnapping of people for ransom, robbing them of their possessions, raping and even killing them at will by groups of people officially described as bandits in parts of Nigeria is worrisome. The study examines the nexus between governance and armed bandits’ activities, as well as its effects on the people and national development. The study relies on researchers’ observation of unfolding events in the study areas and secondary data. The study revealed that the poor quality of governance offered by the successive political leaders of Nigeria was the major inducing factor of these bandits’ activities. Other factors include political and economic reasons, a high unemployment rate, and a high level of poverty. The study concluded that bandits’ activities, if not quickly nipped in the bud will continue to inhibit the political, social, and economic development of the country, also, the activities are capable of truncating the evolving democratic governance and the corporate existence of Nigeria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: governance
  topic: keywords
subject: armed banditry
  topic: keywords
subject: development
  topic: keywords
subject: poverty
  topic: keywords
subject: unemployment
  topic: keywords
creator: Adeleke Adegbami
creator: Oluwaseun Kugbayi
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Adeleke Adegbami, Oluwaseun Kugbayi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-06-26
publication date: 2024-06-26
starting page: 103
ending page: 114
doi: 10.54201/iajas.v4i1.91

Insights into PCI and DDCI as Key Metrics for Measuring Subnational Competitiveness in Vietnam
type: item
description: The purpose of this study is to review and understand Vietnam’s measurement of competitiveness for its local authorities. This paper delves into the application of two fundamental metrics, namely the Provincial Competitiveness Index (PCI) and the Department and District Competitiveness Index (DDCI). As Vietnam continues its trajectory of rapid economic development and regional integration understanding the dynamics of competitiveness at subnational levels has great importance. Drawing upon an overview of the competitiveness concept, case study, and perspectives, the article provides a holistic understanding of subnational competitiveness metrics in Vietnam. Results offer valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders involved in subnational development strategies and economic governance frameworks in Vietnam and beyond. This study also indicates future opportunities and challenges within research on pillars/indices, indicators and their impacts on creating the ease of doing business at subnational level.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Business environment
  topic: keywords
subject: Competitiveness
  topic: keywords
subject: Economic governance
  topic: keywords
subject: Investment climate
  topic: keywords
subject: Metrics
  topic: keywords
creator: Phuong-Duy Nguyen
creator: Tan-Phong Dinh
creator: Bich-Ngoc Pham-Thi
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Phuong-Duy Nguyen, Tan-Phong Dinh, Bich-Ngoc Pham-Thi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-06-26
publication date: 2024-06-26
starting page: 115
ending page: 128
doi: 10.54201/iajas.v4i1.102

Taking Stock of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) in Uganda
type: item
description: The study investigates the stock and trends of Public private partnerships (PPPs) in Uganda. Existing studies have made effort to research PPPs in Uganda. However, a holistic synthesis of PPP industry in Uganda has not been undertaken yet, though such information would be crucial for policy and investment decisions. The objective of this paper is to carry out a holistic overview of the PPP industry in Uganda. Data was collected by a review of literature. The main findings indicate that Uganda indicate the Uganda has significantly progressed with PPPs frameworks and stakeholder management though uptake of PPP is low. Key implications for policy and practice are stakeholder mapping beyond the documented stakeholders, extension of tenure that may reduce user fees without cost to government, improve publicness and mainstream shared value lesson in future PPPs. Capacity building should be enhanced to increase awareness and knowledge on the working of all actors.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: public private partnerships
  topic: keywords
subject: PPP policy
  topic: keywords
subject: practice
  topic: keywords
subject: policy making
  topic: keywords
creator: Alex Nduhura
creator: Muhiya Tshombe Lukamba
creator: Ivan K. Twinomuhwezi
creator: Thekiso Molokwane
creator: Paddy Mugambe
creator: Faith Kadondi
creator: Innocent Nuwagaba
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Alex Nduhura, Muhiya Tshombe Lukamba , Ivan K. Twinomuhwezi, Thekiso Molokwane, Paddy Mugambe, Faith Kadondi, Innocent Nuwagaba https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-09
publication date: 2024-12-09
starting page: 104
ending page: 125
doi: 10.54201/iajas.101

Digitalization and Public Value Co-Creationin Public Sector Organizations
type: item
description: Public value co-creation emerged as a perspective that takes public service delivery beyond effectiveness and efficiency to the services that involve different actors which meet the citizens’ satisfaction and expectation. This development has necessitated the adoption of several strategies by governments aimed at achieving this goal. Arising from this understanding, this paper’s objective rests upon the exploration of the correlation between digitalization and public value co-creation in public sector organizations viewing the citizens as co-creators. Utilizing secondary sources of data, the paper compellingly argues that the citizens could participate more actively and effectively in digitalization driven public value co-creation in public sector organizations. However, it is highlighted in the study that digital divide is a potential obstacle which could undermine the role of citizens towards digitalization driven public value co-creation in public sector organizations. As a panacea, the paper recommends for decentralization of digital governance so as to provide majority of the citizens (especially those at the remote areas) the opportunity to participate in the public value co-creation processes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: digitalization
  topic: keywords
subject: public value co-creation
  topic: keywords
subject: public organization
  topic: keywords
subject: service delivery
  topic: keywords
creator: Chinedu Ofoma
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Chinedu Ofoma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-09
publication date: 2024-12-09
starting page: 92
ending page: 103
doi: 10.54201/iajas.98